Yerba Mate Leaf Products

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Yerba Mate Leaf Products

• Scientific Name:  llex paraguariensis
• Family: Aquifoliaceae
• Origin: Brazil

Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) begins as a shrub and matures into a tree that can reach up to 15 meters in height. The leaves are evergreen, measuring approximately 7–11 cm long and 3–5.5 cm wide, with serrated margins. The leaves are commonly referred to as “yerba” (Spanish) or “erva” (Portuguese), both meaning “herb.”

The leaves contain caffeine (sometimes referred to as mateine) and related xanthine alkaloids. They are commercially harvested and processed into teas, powders, and extracts. The flowers are small and greenish-white with four petals. The fruit is a red drupe measuring approximately 4–6 mm in diameter.

Yerba mate helps improve concentration by reducing tiredness and increasing alertness. It contains saponins, bitter compounds with anti-inflammatory properties that may help lower cholesterol and support heart health.

7 Benefits of  Yerba Mate Leaves Powder, Yerba Mate Extract

- Helps lower blood sugar levels Studies suggest yerba mate may help support insulin regulation and assist in controlling blood glucose levels.

- Improves physical performance Its natural caffeine content supports energy levels and may enhance fat utilization during exercise.

- Helps reduce bad cholesterol (LDL) Regular consumption may support healthier cholesterol levels and improve fat metabolism.

- Strengthens immunity Rich in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds, it supports overall immune function.

- Supports emotional well-being By increasing energy and alertness, yerba mate may contribute to improved mood and mental balance.

- Diuretic action Helps eliminate excess fluids and toxins from the body, supporting metabolic balance.

• Other Benefits of Yerba Mate Leaves Powder, Yerba Mate Extract

- Promotes weight loss Yerba Mate Leaves Powder, Yerba Mate Extract promotes weight loss because the caffeine present in its composition has a thermogenic effect, which accelerates metabolism, causing the body to expend more energy and increase the burning of body fat. However, to aid in weight loss, yerba mate should be consumed along with a healthy diet and regular physical activity. See how to create a healthy diet for weight loss.

- Combating Fatigue The caffeine present in Yerba Mate Leaves Powder, Yerba Mate Extract acts by blocking the effects of adenosine, a substance that causes tiredness and drowsiness, in addition to increasing the release of substances such as adrenaline, norepinephrine, dopamine, glutamate, and serotonin, neurotransmitters that have a stimulating effect. Thus, Yerba Mate Leaves Powder, Yerba Mate Extract helps combat tiredness and lethargy, making it a good option to drink upon waking or after lunch. However, yerba mate should be avoided in the late afternoon and evening, as at these times it can cause insomnia and make it difficult to sleep.

- Lowering "Bad" Cholesterol Yerba Mate Leaves Powder, Yerba Mate Extract mate is rich in saponins, xanthines, and flavonoids, bioactive compounds that prevent the oxidation of fat cells, helping to lower levels of "bad" cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides in the blood. However, yerba mate should not replace treatment prescribed by a doctor and/or nutritionist to lower high cholesterol; it should be used to complement medication.

- Prevent diabetes Yerba Mate Leaves Powder, Yerba Mate Extract contains bioactive compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action, which maintain the health of the pancreas, the organ responsible for insulin production, helping to regulate blood glucose levels and preventing the onset of insulin resistance and diabetes.

- Improve mood Yerba Mate Leaves Powder, Yerba Mate Extract helps improve mood because it is a plant with excellent amounts of caffeine and theobromine, compounds that stimulate the release of serotonin in the body, a neurotransmitter that participates in the regulation of well-being, mood, and sleep.

- Strengthen the immune system Because it is rich in saponins and theobromine, which are bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory action, yerba mate helps strengthen the immune system, helping to fight infections caused by viruses, bacteria, and fungi. See other tips to boost your immunity.

- Prevent cardiovascular diseases Yerba Mate Leaves Powder, Yerba Mate Extract is rich in polyphenols with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which maintain the health of the arteries and control levels of "bad" cholesterol, LDL, in the blood, preventing cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, heart attack or stroke. This herb can be used to prepare hot or cold infusions, such as mate tea, chimarrão or tereré, and can be consumed alone or with juices, other herbs and milk, for example.

• Phenolic Compounds in Yerba Mate Leaves Powder, Yerba Mate Extract

Studies report that consuming yerba mate beverages may provide protection against the effects of free radicals. The antioxidant activity is conferred to the herb due to the presence of polyphenol compounds capable of displacing electrons, forming intramolecular hydrogen bonds, and inhibiting chain reactions, repairing damage caused by reactive species (Bastos et al., 2007; Colpo et al., 2016).

The phenolic compounds in yerba mate extracts have variable concentrations from 0.73 to 1.6 g/L and are predominantly caffeoylquinic and dicaffeoylquinic acids, belonging to the chlorogenic acid family. Da Silveira et al. (2016) found that consuming 300 mL of yerba mate tea corresponds to ingesting the same levels of chlorogenic acids present in 50 mL of coffee. Among the flavonoids, those found in the greatest quantities are rutin, kaempferol, and quercetin (Bastos et al., 2007; Bracesco et al., 2011).

The use of yerba mate extracts in the development of new products with technological potential has been highlighted in both the food and pharmaceutical industries (Chaicouski; Lazzaratto 2021). Research developed over the years has sought to transform common foods into functional foods by adding yerba mate extracts (Santetti et al., 2021; Chaicouski; Lazzarotto, 2022; Kautzmann et al. 2024). However, these compounds are very sensitive to food processing steps and can interact with raw materials (Chaicouski; Lazzaratto 2021).

• Benefits of Consuming Yerba Mate Leaves Powder, Yerba Mate Extract: In Vivo Studies

Ingestion of yerba mate extract by rats on a high-fat or high-sugar diet for 60 days resulted in decreased body weight, visceral fat, glucose, and cholesterol levels (Przygodda et al., 2010). In a 12-week study with obese individuals, it led to improvements in body fat without adverse effects (Kim et al., 2015). According to Barroso et al. (2019), yerba mate tea prevented the decrease in HDL cholesterol, the accumulation of lipid droplets in hepatocytes, the dysregulation of glucose uptake, the increase in insulin, and improved indicators of oxidative stress; that is, the tea showed antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects that prevent the accumulation of fat in the liver.

Studies highlight the potential of yerba mate to assist pathways that regulate responses to adipogenesis, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and insulin signaling. These findings suggest that including yerba mate in the diet may be advantageous as it may help with weight loss and obesity control in individuals who consume it frequently (Przygodda et al., 2010; Gambero; Ribeiro, 2015; Antunes; Cardoso; da Silva Paula, 2017).

In volunteers with high blood viscosity, yerba mate showed an effect on microcirculation. In the study by Yu et al. (2015), five grams per day of mate tea was administered to different groups, and normalized blood hyperviscosity and healthy blood flow were observed in individuals with cardiovascular disease.

In dyslipidemic individuals, who have high cholesterol and triglyceride levels or decreased HDL levels, 1 liter of mate tea was administered daily for 90 days, and an increase in antioxidant protection of plasma and blood was found (Boaventura et al., 2012).

Oral and topical ingestion of yerba mate tea reduced DNA damage and lipid peroxidation in the skin tissue of rats exposed to UVA and UVB radiation (Barg et al., 2014).

According to Cardozo et al. (2021), in the functional beverage industry, options based on yerba mate have good consumer acceptance.

Research results also showed that yerba mate tea, widely appreciated in Brazil, demonstrated effectiveness in transporting the probiotics *L. plantarum LP299V* and *L. rhamnosus GG*. The authors emphasized this innovative and promising alternative for beverage industries targeting consumers who prioritize a healthy, alternative, and balanced diet (Silva et al., 2022).

Furthermore, yerba mate extract was also able to significantly reduce the viability of human carcinoma cells from the colon, lung, esophagus, and bladder (Amigo-Benavent et al., 2017). Thus, it is possible to observe the health benefits promoted by yerba mate.

Considerations

Yerba Mate Leaves Powder, Yerba Mate Extract has many nutrients and bioactive compounds that provide different health benefits to the consumer. Among them are weight loss, cholesterol regulation, antioxidant action, and assistance in the cognitive development of the individual. The tea can be consumed in different ways, being one of the most consumed beverages by the population. Furthermore, its extract can be incorporated into different food formulations such as breads and meat products.

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